Closed questions can have different formats. The following formats are most widely used.
Single choice
The most frequently used format is a question which can be answered by "yes/no" or a number (age in years, number of sexual partners etc).
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Did you travel to a foreign country in the last month?
Please tick the right box.
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| Yes |
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| No |
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| Don't know |
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Checklist
Alternatively, a checklist can be provided:
Which of the following outdoor activities did you do last week?
Please tick the appropriate activities. |
| Running |
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| Walking |
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| Hiking |
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| Cycling |
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| Swimming |
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| None of the above |
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Rating Scale
The same information can be asked in a more detailed way in a rating scale:
Did you do use sunscreen during the following outdoor activities during the past six months?
Please indicate how often you used sunscreen. |
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Always |
Sometimes |
Seldom |
Never |
| Running |
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| Walking |
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| Cycling |
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The rating scale could be numerical:
Do you think that information on the risk of sunburns would be useful for you?
Please circle |
| Not at all Useful |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
Very Useful |
Or analogue:
How severe is your pain in this moment on a scale from 0-10?
Please put the tick on the line |
| 0 (No pain) -------------------------------I----------------------------- 10 (Very severe pain) |
Lickert Scale
Another option is the use of the Lickert scale to measure attitudes.
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Sunburns cannot be avoided during outdoor activities.
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| No, I strongly disagree |
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| No, I disagree quite a lot |
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| No, I disagree just a little |
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| I'm not sure about this |
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| Yes, I agree just a little |
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| Yes, I agree quite a lot |
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| Yes, I strongly agree |
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