Field Epidemiology Manual

The FEM Wiki content is divided into a number of chapters. Pages in each of the chapters have a latest community version (corresponding to the version of the page that was most recently edited by a member of the FEM), and an expert reviewed version (the last version that was reviewed by a domain expert).

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• Assessing the burden of disease and risk assessment

  • Descriptive data analysis

    • Analysis by person characteristics
    • Analysis by place characteristics

      -- (approved version)

      • Choosing an appropriate type of map
      • Which indicator to map?

        -- (approved version)
    • Analysis by time characteristics

      • Methods for setting thresholds in time series analysis

        -- (approved version)
      • Smoothing techniques for describing time series

        -- (approved version)
    • Spatial Analysis (Geographical Information Systems)
  • Epidemic Intelligence

    • Rapid Risk Assessment

      • Classifying and Measuring Risk
      • Identifying Risk
      • Stage 0: Preparation for rapid risk assessment
      • Stage 1: Collecting event information
      • Stage 2: Systematically collecting information
      • Stage 3: Extracting relevant evidence
      • Stage 4: Appraising evidence
      • Stage 5; Estimating the risk
    • Surveillance - Principles

      -- (approved version)

      • Criteria for Surveillance
      • Event-based Surveillance
      • Indicator-based Surveillance

        • Establishing a Surveillance System

          • Analysis of Surveillance Data

            • Analysis, Interpretation and Dissemination

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            • Quality checking

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          • Common errors in surveillance data analysis
          • Evaluation of Surveillance Systems

            • 10 common errors in surveillance evaluations
            • Quality, Governance and Operating Procedures

              -- (approved version)
            • Surveillance attributes for evaluation

              • capture-recapture
          • Sources and Types of Data

            -- (approved version)
          • Types of Surveillance System (Active vs Passive)

            • Surveillance System Design and Operation

              -- (approved version)
        • Uses of Surveillance Data
      • Objectives of Surveillance – Inputs and Outputs

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      • Opportunities and Challenges

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      • Surveillance or Research?

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      • The Components of Surveillance
      • The Role of Surveillance

        -- (approved version)
  • Field Epidemiology

    • Combining Studies: Meta-Analysis
    • Key definitions in infectious diseases epidemiology
    • Measurement in Field Epidemiology

      • Cluster Investigations

        • Statistical Methods for Cluster Investigation
        • Types of Cluster
      • Getting Measurement Right
      • Measures of association
      • Measures of Disease Impact

        -- (approved version)

        • Impact numbers
        • Measures of disease impact - Further reading

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        • Measures of impact among the exposed

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        • Measures of impact in the population

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        • Quantifying disease burden

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      • Measures of Disease Occurrence

        -- (approved version)

        • Attack rates and case fatality
        • Incidence rate

          -- (approved version)
        • Odds

          • Probability
        • Prevalence

          -- (approved version)
        • Relation between risk and incidence rate
        • Risks and Rates
      • Problems with Measurement

        • Bias

          • Detection Bias
          • Effect Modification and Confounding

            -- (approved version)

            • Confounding in studies

              -- (approved version)
            • Criteria for confounding

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            • Dose Effect

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            • Effect Modification

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            • Interaction

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            • Residual Confounding

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          • Information (Measurement) Bias

            • Interviewer Bias
            • Recall Bias
            • Reporting Bias
            • Response Bias
          • Preventing bias
          • Selection Bias

            • Selection bias and case-control studies

              • Ascertainment Bias
              • Diagnostic bias
              • Non-response bias
              • Referral bias
              • Survival bias
            • Selection bias and cohort studies
      • Testing the Tests

        -- (approved version)

        • Diagnostic tests versus screening tests

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        • Glossary

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        • Parallel versus Serial testing

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        • Receiver operating curve

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        • Test Precision
        • Test reliability

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        • Test Reproducibility
        • Threshold setting

          -- (approved version)
        • Validity and accuracy

          -- (approved version)
    • Methods in Field Epidemiology

      • Scientific (evidence base for prevention)

        • Causal Inference

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          • Causal mechanisms

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          • Viewpoints for Causality (Bradford Hill)

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      • Types of Study

        • Analytical Study Designs

          • Advantages and disadvantages of cohort and case control studies
          • Case-control studies

            -- (approved version)

            • Case-cohort study

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            • Density case control studies
            • Table measuring risk, rate and odds ratio
            • Traditional case-control studies

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          • Choosing a Reference Group

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            • Control Selection
            • Developing a control definition
            • Special Considerations in Control Selection

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          • Cohort studies

            -- (approved version)

            • Measuring incidence rates
            • Measuring risk
            • Reference group for cohort studies

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          • Cross-sectional Studies
          • Matching

            -- (approved version)

            • Advantages and disadvantages of matching

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            • Principles of matching
            • Restriction

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            • Table format and Analysis

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          • Measures of effect in various study designs

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          • Non-traditional designs

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            • Case cross over studies

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            • Case to case study design

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        • Descriptive Studies
        • Experimental Studies
    • Outbreak Investigations

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      • Case definitions for outbreak assessment

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        • Case Definitions

          • Defining a Case
          • Sensitivity and Specificity of a case definition
          • Various Levels of Case Definition
      • Confirm the outbreak

        • Types of Outbreak

          • Continuing Source
          • Distinguishing Different Sources or Modes of Transmission during an outbreak

            -- (approved version)
          • Identifying Multiple Possible Outbreak Sources

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          • Person to Person
          • Point Source
          • Refining the estimated point in time of an outbreak source

            • Incubation period, Latent period and Generation time.
          • Unmasking Outbreak Source through Segmentation

            -- (approved version)
          • Vector Borne
      • Describe the outbreak

        • Construction of Epidemic Curves

          -- (approved version)

          • Diagnostic Applications of the Epidemic Curve

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          • Disentangling Complex Data

            -- (approved version)
          • Use of Epidemic Curves for characterising Outbreak Sources

            -- (approved version)
      • Informing Action / Improving Knowledge

        • Additional resources for presenting findings

          -- (approved version)
        • Choosing a method of data display

          -- (approved version)
        • Communication of findings

          • To professionals

            • Definition of an Outbreak Investigation Report

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            • Frequent Problems with writing an Outbreak Investigation Report

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            • Structure of an Outbreak Investigation Report

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            • Writing an Outbreak Investigation Report

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            • Writing style of an Outbreak Investigation Report

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              • SOCO (single over-riding communications objective)
          • To Public and the Media
        • Graphs, charts, diagrams

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          • Bar graphs
          • Frequency polygons
          • Histograms
          • Line graphs
          • Other types of data display
          • Pie charts

            -- (approved version)
        • Interpreting Data
        • Maps

          -- (approved version)
        • Presenting Data

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        • Tables

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        • Types of variables and line listing

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        • Use of computers

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      • Investigations in Special Circumstances

        • Disasters and Emergencies
        • Health care settings
        • Possible Terrorist / Deliberate Event
        • Prisons
        • Schools
      • Outbreak investigations: 10 steps, 10 pitfalls
      • Outbreak steps : additional points
      • Rationale for Outbreak Investigations

        • Public health response (informing control)
      • The outbreak management team
  • Formal Risk Assessment
  • Health Economics

    • Cost-effectiveness
    • Cost-minimisation
    • Cost-utility
    • Measuring the Quality of Healthcare
    • Sensitivity Analysis
  • Screening

    • Evaluation of Screening
    • Measures of Accuracy in Screening
    • Principles of Screening
• General Communication

  • Aide memoire for oral presentations and visual aids
  • Health communication

    • Crisis communication
    • Health advocacy
    • Health education
    • Health literacy
    • Outbreak communication
    • Risk communication
    • Social marketing
  • Writing a Study Protocol

    -- (approved version)

    • Analysing a public health problem

      • SMART definitions
    • Checklist for study protocols
    • Data collection instrument
    • Questionnaire Design

      -- (approved version)

      • Advantages and Disadvantages of Questionnaires
      • Bias in Questionnaires

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      • Hints to Design a Good Questionnaire

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        • Questionnaire Layout and Coding

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        • Seven Golden Rules to Design Questions

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      • Piloting Questionnaires
      • Ten Steps to Design a Questionnaire
      • Types of Questionnaires

        -- (approved version)
      • Types of Questions

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        • Format of closed questions

          -- (approved version)
      • Validated questionnaires
  • Writing for Publications

    • Checklist for posters

      -- (approved version)
    • Scientific paper review form
  • Writing for Stakeholders
• Infection control and hospital hygiene

  • Antimicrobial stewardship
  • Healthcare-associated infection prevention and control as a part of patient safety programme
  • Healthcare-associated infection prevention and control programme

    • Cooperative learning as active learning in adult
    • Education and training of staff
  • Healthcare-associated infections and risk assessment

    • Burden of HAIs
    • Main pathogens and resistance

      • Antimicrobial resistance.

        • Acquired resistance
        • Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance
      • Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO)
    • Types of HAIs

      • CAUTI
      • CLABSI
      • SSI
      • VAP
  • Infection control interventions

    • Cohorting patients and/or staff
    • Contact precautions
    • Developing infection control interventions: isolation
    • Environment as a source of healthcare-associated infections
    • Hand hygiene

      • Gloves and hand hygiene
      • Hand hygiene - principles

        • Five moments for hand hygiene
        • Hand hygiene before invasive procedures
        • Hand hygiene for patients and visitors
        • Indications for hand hygiene
      • Hand hygiene education and promotion
      • Hand hygiene methods
      • Hand hygiene products selection and evaluation

        • Aesthetic preferences
        • Evaluation of the microbicidal activities of hand-rub and hand-wash agents
        • Pilot testing
        • Product accessibility and cost
        • Selection and evaluation for specific products
      • Microbial flora of the hands
      • Nails, rings, watches, bracelets
      • Skin care
    • Hospital cleaning and decontamination
    • Immunization of health care workers
    • Isolation of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI)
    • Methods for assessing environmental cleanliness
    • Microbial typing
    • Molecular epidemiology
    • Pre-emptive isolation
    • Reprocessing of flexible endoscopes
    • Standard precautions
    • The role of the clinical microbiology laboratory in infection prevention and control

      • Clinical role of the microbiology laboratory.
      • Epidemiological/public health role of the clinical microbiology laboratory
  • Surveillance and investigation of healthcare-associated infections

    • Case definitions of healthcare infections

      • HAI case definitions for use in hospitals

        • Bloodstream Infection
        • Bone and Joint Infection
        • Cardiovascular System Infection
        • Catheter-Related Infection
        • Central Nervous System Infection
        • Eye, Ear, Nose or Mouth Infection
        • Gastrointestinal System Infections
        • Lower Respiratory Tract Infection other than pneumonia
        • Pneumonia
        • Reproductive Tract Infections
        • Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
        • Specific Neonatal Case definitions
        • Surgical Site Infection
        • Systemic Infections
        • Urinary Tract Infection
    • European surveillance of healthcare-associated infections

      • ECDC point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals

        • ECDC “Point prevalence survey of healthcare associated infections and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals” protocol

          • ECDC “Point prevalence survey of healthcare associated infections and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals”, definition of healthcare-associated infection
          • ECDC PPS - antimicrobial use definition
          • ECDC PPS - inclusion/exclusion criteria
      • ECDC point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in long term care facilities
      • ECDC surveillance of Surgical Site Infections
      • HAI Surveillance at the EU level - importance of international networks

        • ECDC Programme on antimicrobial resistance and healthcare-associated infections
        • European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net)
        • European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network (ESAC-Net)
        • Healthcare-Associated Infections Network (HAI-Net)
      • Surveillance of Clostridium difficile infections
      • Surveillance of HAIs in intensive care units
      • The European Surveillance System (TESSy)
    • Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections - definition

      • Surveillance methodologies for healthcare associated infections
    • Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections - other approaches

      • Surveillance for MV Patients in the ICU
• Introduction to Public Health and basic concepts

  • Public Health Informatics

    -- (approved version)

    • Apps for epidemiologists
    • Data Capture Systems

      • Electronic Data Transfer
      • Online Reporting
      • Web-crawling Applications
    • Health Informatics Standards – general introduction

      -- (approved version)

      • Health Informatics Standards - Health Information Systems and Processes
      • Health Informatics Standards - Standard Content
    • Software for epidemiologists

      -- (approved version)
    • Weblinks for epidemiologists
  • Public Health Interventions

    -- (approved version)

    • Contact tracing
    • Host

      -- (approved version)
    • Prevention

      -- (approved version)

      • Hygiene and Sanitation
      • Primary prevention

        • Vaccination

          • Herd immunity
          • Measuring protection
      • Secondary prevention
      • Tertiary prevention
    • Reservoir for infectious agents
    • Source of infection
    • Transmission routes
  • Public Health Law

    -- (approved version)

    • Brief history of International Communicable Disease Law
    • EU Public Health Legislation

      -- (approved version)

      • Decision 1082/2013/EU: Serious cross border health threat

        • Some key recitals under 1082
      • EU Food Safety Legislation
      • EU Legislation for Communicable Diseases Surveillance
    • International Health Regulations 2005 edition

      • Applying Epidemiology for the International Health Regulations.

        -- (approved version)
  • Public Health Microbiology

    • Applied Immunology

      • Antibodies
      • Antigen presenting cells (APC)
      • Antigens (Ag)
      • How pathogens try to trick our defenses

        • Helminthic mechanisms of immune evasion
      • Mechanism of infectious disease
      • What determines our susceptibility to infections?
    • Practical Aspects of Specimen Collection and Shipment
    • The Role of Microbiology

      • Bioinformatics
      • Expert Advice
      • Laboratory Support
    • Types of Microorganisms
  • Public Health Programs

    -- (approved version)
• Statistical Concepts

  • Models

    • Logistic Regression

      -- (approved version)

      • Estimating Odds Ratios in the presence of interaction

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      • Fitting logistic regression models

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      • Interpreting model coefficients

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      • Linear models

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      • Model building strategies

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      • The logistic model

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    • Stratified Analysis

      -- (approved version)

      • The Mantel Haenszel Method
  • Power and Sample Size
  • Presenting Statistics
  • Sampling

    • Concepts in sampling

      -- (approved version)
  • Statistical Tests

    • Significance and Confidence

      • Confidence Intervals
      • Significant probability to be different from the expected

        -- (approved version)
      • The idea of Statistical Inference
• Uncategorised

  • Preparedness

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  • Sandbox

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    • Catalogue template
    • new page

      -- (approved version)

      • Epidemic Intelligence (EI) training
      • even new page

        • next new test page
    • newpage20160115

      -- (approved version)
    • test in red
  • Základy statistických postupů v epidemiologii

    -- (approved version)